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What is a prediction market, and how is it different from a bet?

A prediction market lets people trade contracts on a defined future event. The price reads as the chance the market is assigning to that outcome, not a promise of what will happen.

By Fredrik FilipssonFounder and editor · Two decades in advisory, hospitality and mediaEditorial review by Morten Andersen · Last reviewed 25 June 2026
Last reviewed
25 June 2026
Reading time
About 13 minutes
Level
Beginner
Information, not advice. This page is general information, not financial, investment, legal, tax, or betting advice. Prediction markets carry a real risk of loss. You must be 18+ or the legal age in your region.
Quick answer

A prediction market is a venue where people trade contracts tied to the outcome of a clearly defined future event. A yes contract pays a fixed amount, usually one dollar, if the event happens, and nothing if it does not. Because the payout is fixed, the price sits somewhere between one and ninety nine cents, and that price reads as the probability the market is currently assigning to the outcome. On an exchange there is no house taking the other side. You trade with other participants and the venue earns from fees. The price is a live estimate set by traders, never a guarantee.

How it works

Four ideas that explain almost everything.

1
A contract on a defined outcome

Every market is built on a clear question with a stated resolution source and a deadline, for example whether an official figure lands above a set level by a given date. A yes contract settles at one dollar if the event happens and zero if it does not, so on Kalshi and similar venues prices run from one cent to ninety nine cents. The clearer the wording and the source of truth, the cleaner the settlement, which is why reading the rules of a market matters as much as reading the price.

2
The price is an implied probability

Because a yes contract is worth one dollar if it happens, its price between one and ninety nine cents is the chance the market is pricing right now. A price near sixty cents implies the market is treating the outcome as roughly a sixty percent chance, before fees. It is a reading of collective opinion that moves as people trade, not a forecast of the result and not a number we would ever sell as certain. Robinhood, which offers event contracts through Kalshi as its exchange, describes the same relationship in its own learning material as of June 2026.

3
An exchange, not a bookmaker

In an exchange model you buy from and sell to other participants, and the platform earns from fees rather than from your losses. That structure is different from a traditional sportsbook, where a house sets the odds and takes the other side. The difference is central to how these venues are regulated, and some platforms are built differently, so always check how a given venue is structured before you read too much into a price.

4
It resolves, then pays or expires

When the event is decided, the market resolves against its stated criteria. Winning contracts are redeemed for full value and losing contracts expire worth nothing. On a centrally run exchange the operator settles against the named source. On a decentralized venue an oracle reports the result and a dispute window can challenge a contested outcome. Settlement is where ambiguity in the wording becomes real money, for better or worse.

The price as a probability

One scale, two ways to read it.

The whole idea is easier to hold once you see it on a single line. The price in cents and the implied probability in percent are the same point on the same scale. A contract at one cent reads as a roughly one percent chance, a contract at fifty cents reads as a coin flip, and a contract at ninety nine cents reads as near certainty, all before fees.

50¢ 99¢ about 1% chance a coin flip near certain Price in cents equals implied probability in percent, before fees.
Figure 1. A yes contract that settles to one dollar is worth its probability today, so the price doubles as the implied chance. Illustrative and before fees. Built by Prediction Market Index, June 2026.
See it for yourself

Drag the price, watch the probability.

A contract that settles to one dollar if the event happens is worth its probability today. Move the slider to see the implied chance, the equivalent decimal odds, and a rough payoff on a one hundred dollar stake. This excludes fees and is not a prediction.

Price
50¢
Implied chance
50%
Decimal odds 2.00 · a $100 yes stake returns $200 if it resolves yes, before fees.

Illustrative and excludes fees and spread, which reduce real returns. A price is an implied probability, not a prediction, and a contract can resolve no and return nothing.

A worked example

The same price, in four ways.

A single price carries several readings at once. The table converts a few yes prices into the implied probability, the equivalent decimal odds, and the profit on a one hundred dollar stake if the contract resolves yes. It is the clearest way to feel what a price is telling you.

Yes priceImplied probabilityDecimal oddsProfit on $100 if yes
10 centsabout 10 percent10.00900 dollars
25 centsabout 25 percent4.00300 dollars
50 centsabout 50 percent2.00100 dollars
75 centsabout 75 percent1.33about 33 dollars
90 centsabout 90 percent1.11about 11 dollars

Table 1. Worked conversions for a yes contract that settles at one dollar. Figures exclude fees and spread, which reduce real returns, and are illustrative rather than a quote from any market. Method: implied probability equals price in cents, decimal odds equal one divided by the price as a fraction, profit equals one dollar minus the price, per contract.

Exchange versus bookmaker

Who is on the other side of your trade.

The structural point is worth a picture. On an exchange you trade with another participant and the venue simply matches you and takes a fee. With a traditional bookmaker the house sets the odds and stands on the other side of your bet, so it profits when you lose. That difference shapes how the two are regulated and how a price should be read.

Exchange model Trader A Exchangematches and takes a fee Trader B No house. You trade with another participant. Bookmaker model Bettor Housetakes the other side The house sets odds and profits when you lose. Why it matters:an exchange price reflects what traders will pay each other, not a margin a house has built in. Some venues are built differently, so check.
Figure 2. The exchange and bookmaker models, side by side. Many prediction market venues use the exchange model, but structures vary, so confirm how any given platform works. Built by Prediction Market Index, June 2026.
Who oversees them

A federal regulator, and a contested boundary.

In the United States, the venues that offer event contracts as regulated products do so as designated contract markets overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the federal regulator for derivatives. A designated contract market is an exchange the CFTC has authorised to list futures, options, and swaps such as event contracts. Kalshi was designated as a contract market by the CFTC in 2020, per the CFTC's own announcement, which is what lets it operate these markets under federal rules rather than as a bet.

The boundary between that federal framework and state law is genuinely contested and moving, and this is one of those places where the honest answer is that it is unsettled. In April 2026 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit became the first federal appeals court to hold that the Commodity Exchange Act preempts state gambling laws as applied to sports related event contracts on a CFTC registered designated contract market, per reporting on the decision from law firms including Skadden and Paul, Weiss in April 2026. That ruling was divided, it concerns one circuit, and related litigation and state challenges were continuing, so it should be read as an evolving position rather than a settled national rule. Since January 2026, members of Congress have also introduced multiple bills aimed at prediction markets, per reporting at the time, which is a further sign that the framework is still in motion.

For a reader, the takeaway is not to memorise the case law but to treat legality as something to check for your own state and the specific platform, every time, because it can change between visits. We keep this current on our legality pages, and we mark a position as contested wherever it genuinely is. This is general information, not legal advice.

Where the price comes from

Many small judgments, added up.

No single person sets the price. It emerges from everyone willing to buy or sell at a given level. When new information arrives, some traders think the old price is wrong, they trade, and the price moves until buyers and sellers balance again. That is why a prediction market price can update within seconds of a news event.

This does not make the price correct. Markets can be thin, meaning few people are trading, so a single order can move the price more than the news justifies. They can be biased when a topic attracts strong opinion. And a confident looking price can still be wrong, because probability is not certainty. A market that prices an outcome at ninety percent is, by its own logic, telling you it expects to be wrong about one time in ten.

Why people pay attention to them

A price with money behind it.

The reason prediction markets attract interest is that the price is backed by money. When people stand to gain or lose on being right, the theory goes, they have a reason to weigh evidence carefully rather than to repeat a hope. A market price can update faster than a poll and can pull together scattered information from many people into a single, readable number. That is a genuinely useful property, and it is why journalists, researchers, and curious readers watch these prices even when they never trade.

It is also easy to overrate. A market is only as good as the people trading it and the information they have. On a quiet contract a handful of traders set the price, and their guess can be no better than anyone else. Strong feelings, headlines, and herd behavior can push a price away from a sensible estimate. The honest summary is that a prediction market price is often informative and sometimes badly wrong, and the skill is in knowing which is which, not in treating every number as truth.

What we did

We checked the structure against primary sources.

For this explainer we read the CFTC's published material on designated contract markets, Kalshi's and Robinhood's own descriptions of how event contracts and prices work, and reporting on the April 2026 Third Circuit decision, all reviewed in June 2026. Where a claim touches a contested legal point, we have flagged it as contested and pointed to our legality pages rather than stating a settled rule.

This is a concept page rather than a platform review, so it carries no first hand trading account. Where we describe how a specific venue funds, charges, or settles, you will find the dated, sourced detail on that platform's own page on this site.

What gets traded

The questions these markets are built on.

A prediction market can be written about almost any future event that can be defined cleanly and verified from a named source. In practice the common categories are economics, where a contract might track whether an official inflation or jobs figure lands above a stated level, politics and policy, where a contract follows whether a measure passes or an office is filled by a date, weather and climate, where a contract settles on a recorded temperature or storm count, and on some venues sports and entertainment, where a contract follows a defined result. The unifying thread is not the subject but the structure, a yes or no question with a deadline and an agreed way to decide it.

What these markets do well is turn a messy question into a single number that updates in real time and carries money behind it. That makes them a useful reference for anyone trying to gauge how likely an outcome is thought to be right now, which is why a price is often quoted in news coverage. What they do less well is handle questions that are vague, far away in time, or thinly traded, where the price reflects a few opinions rather than a considered consensus. A good habit is to read the resolution criteria and the trading volume before you read anything into the price, because a confident looking number on a quiet market can be close to meaningless.

It is also worth noting what these markets are not. They are not a crystal ball, and an individual contract is not a tip. We never build a page around a single live market, because those markets expire, and we never present a price as a forecast of what will happen. The value of the category is in the method, a transparent, money backed estimate of probability, not in any one number on any one day.

Clearing up the confusion

Four things people get wrong at first.

The first misunderstanding is that the price is a prediction. It is not. A price of seventy cents says the market is currently treating an outcome as roughly a seventy percent chance, which is a statement about uncertainty, not a promise. Even a price near ninety cents is, by its own logic, expecting to be wrong sometimes. Reading a price as certainty is the single most common error, and it is the one this whole site is built to correct.

The second is that you must hold a contract until it resolves. On most venues you can sell a position before the event is decided, at whatever the price is then, which means you can take a profit or cut a loss along the way. The third is that a prediction market is the same as a poll. A poll asks people what they intend or believe, while a market asks people to put money behind their judgment, and the two can disagree. Each has strengths, and neither is automatically right.

The fourth is that an exchange model makes trading safe. It does not. Having no house on the other side removes one conflict of interest, but you can still lose the full amount you put into a contract, fees and spreads still reduce your returns, and a thin market can move against you on a single order. The structure changes who you trade with, not whether you can lose. Understanding the mechanics is the start of using these markets carefully, not a reason to treat them as low risk.

Where this matters

Take this into the platforms, markets, and rules.

A note on risk,

Understanding the mechanics does not make trading safe. Prediction markets can lose you money, prices can be confidently wrong, and fees and thin liquidity quietly work against you. Stake only what you can afford to lose, never to chase a loss, and never on borrowed money. If it stops feeling like a free choice, step back. In the United States you can call or text the helpline on 1-800-GAMBLER or visit ncpgambling.org.

Common questions

Answered plainly.

What is a prediction market in one sentence?

A prediction market is a venue where people trade contracts tied to a defined future event, and the price of a contract reads as the probability the market is assigning to that outcome.

How is it different from sports betting?

On an exchange style prediction market there is no house setting the odds and taking the other side. You trade with other participants and the venue earns from fees. That structural difference is central to how these markets are regulated and debated, though some venues are built differently.

Does the price tell me what will happen?

No. The price is an implied probability that reflects current trading, not a certain outcome. Prices can be wrong and can move sharply, and we never name a predicted winner.

Who regulates prediction markets in the United States?

Federally regulated event contract venues operate as Commodity Futures Trading Commission designated contract markets. Kalshi was designated as a contract market by the CFTC in 2020. The boundary with state law is contested and moving, so check the current position before relying on it.

What does it mean when a contract settles?

Each market has stated resolution criteria and a source of truth. When the event is decided, winning contracts are redeemed for full value and losing contracts expire worthless. Ambiguous wording can lead to disputes, so the rules of a market matter.

Can I lose money on a prediction market?

Yes. You can lose the full amount you put into a contract if it resolves against you, and fees and spreads reduce returns even when you are right. Never stake money you cannot afford to lose.

Reviewed by Fredrik Filipsson, Editor, on 25 June 2026. Regulatory points are drawn from CFTC material and reporting on the April 2026 Third Circuit decision and are marked contested where the position is genuinely unsettled. Verify the current rules and your own eligibility before participating.
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